CBSE Set Qa3 Social Science Sample Test Papers For Class 10th for students online

Social Science Class - X  (CBSE)
You are on answers 11 to 16 of Set I

SECTION - B - CIVICS

Q 11. State any two methods of promoting national integration. (2)
Ans. 11(1) National integration can be promoted through inter-cultural/inter regional activities among the people such as holding of National Festivals.

(2) Taking interest in the literature of different languages or introducing themes promoting National integration in school and college curriculum can also promote national integration.

Q 12. How does hoarding lead to black marketing? Explain. (2)
Ans. Sometimes, businessmen, in order to make huge profits, hoard things and create an artificial scarcity in the market. The prices of things begin to rise and the common people suffer unnecessarily. When things are not easily available in the market, black marketing shows its ugly head. People are forced to pay more for such things which otherwise are sufficient in the country.

Q 13. What is the difference between by-election and midterm election. (3)
Ans. 13 By-election - If an elected candidate dies while in office or the seat falls vacent due to any other reasons such as resignation etc. then fresh elections are held in that particular constituency alone. Such an election held out of the normal routine, is called the by-election. Mid-term election - Sometime the Lok Sabha or any state Assembly is dissolved before the expiry of the full term, usually of five years. These elections are held to form a new House. Such elections are called mid-term elections.

Q 14. Give three reasons for the growing unemployment in urban areas. (3)
Ans. 14 Unemployment in Urban areas is one of the main problems of India. The reasons behind it are the following:-

(a) The population of India is growing at a great speed. The economy has not been able to accomodate so many people into its own structure. Moreover, there is an increasing rate of migration of people from the rural areas to the urban areas.

(b) We have, very few technical institutes in India. As such there are a few specialized youths you can find a way to good jobs, others have no where to go.

(c) Industrial growth rate in India has not been up to the mark. So, not many people can find their way to good jobs.

Q 15. What influence did the Universal Declaration of Human Rights have no the Indian Constitution? What is its significance of the Indian people? (4)
Ans. 15 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights which the UNO adopted on 10th December, 1948 ennumereates various Civil & Political Rights and Economic and Social Rights. This Declaration had a great impact on the constitution of India which was in the making at that time. Many of these rights were incorporated in our constitution under the headings Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of the State Policy in Chapter III & IV respectively.

These rights have a great significance for the Indian people. They have enabled every citizen of India to live freely and honourably. A human being gets full freedom to develop himself mentally and physically. Freedom of speech and expression, equality before law, judicial remedies, right to vote freely and equal pay for equal work are some of the rights without which a persons' existence would be meaningless.

Q 16. Explain the role of Prime Minister and his council of Ministers in the Parliamentary democracy in India. What is the significance of 'collective responsibility in this context? (6)
Ans. 16 The Prime Minister occupies a pivotal position in the Constitutional set-up of the country. He along with his Council of Ministers formulates the internal as well as external policies of the Government. The Prime Minister is the link between the President and the Cabinet. It is he who keeps the President informed on all the matters of government. He advises the President to summon and provogue the Parliament, dissolve the Lok Sabha and make various appointments. All important bills emanate from the cabinet and no bill can be introduced in the Lok Sabha without his consent. He, together with the Speaker, prepares a tentative programme for the Lok Sabha for each week as well as for each day. Being the Chairman of the Planning Commission and therefore the Five Year Plans and other important economic programmes are made under his scrutiny. The budget and other money bills are also prepared under his supervision. The Prime Minister also participates in international conferences, pays official visits to foreign countries, maintains relations with the UN and other international organizations and advises the President to declare war and conclude peace.

The doctrine of collective responsibility means that all the members of the cabinet accept responsibility for the decisions of the Cabinet. They all must express and represent uniform political opinions under the leadership of the P.M. and must sink or swim together. They are all bound by the cabinet decisions and anyone who is not willing to do so, must resign. The term 'collective responsibility' stands for the responsibility of the Cabinet before the nation as a whole and before the Parliament. In the Parliament, the government is held accountable continuously for its actions and a breakdown of cabinet solidarity would result in the loss of Parliamentary support.

OR

Q 16. Examine the powers of the Governor of an Indian state with special reference to his discretionary powers. (6)
Ans. 16 The powers exercised by the Governor can be divided under two broad headings:
1. Those powers which he exercise with the aid and advice of the Chief Minister and his council of ministers and
(2) those powers which he exercises in his discretion.

His executive powers are co-extensive with the legislative powers of the state legislature. He is required to frame rules of business allocating work to different ministers. He appoints the council of ministers for the state, the Advocate General, members of state Public Service Commission, one member of the Anglo-Indian Community to the legislative assembly wherever necesary and a few members of the Legislative Council.
These appointments are made in consultation with the C.M. and his Ministers. He can also issue ordinances under Article 213 (1), only when the state assembly is not in session in order to meet an emergency which requires immediate action.

Barring this, the Governor of a state has also the power to grant pardons, reprieves, respites or remissions of punishment or to suspend, remit or commute the sentence of any person convicted of any offence against any law relating to a matter to which the executive power of the state extends.

Article 163 of the constitution makes the Governor sole judge in matters in which he is required to act in his discretion. Besides this, there are other articles too such as: (1) Article 166(3) which states that the Governor can make rules of business except in cases where he can act in his discretion.

(2) Article 200 which says that the Governor can reserve a bill for the consideration of the President.

(3) Article 356(1) which provides that the Governor can make a report about the failure of the constitutional machinery in the state.

(4) Article 239(2) which gives him certain functions when appointed to be Administrator of a union territory.

(5) Article 239 (2) which bestows on him the power to make rules.

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