CBSE Set Qa2 Social Science Sample Test Papers For Class 10th for students online
Social
Science Class - X (CBSE)
You are on Set no 1 Answer 9 to 15
Section A - HISTORY
Q9) Examine the factors and
forces responsible for the partition of India in 1947.
Ans. 9) Partition of India in 1947 was not the result of any single
factor but there were many forces responsible for this :-
(1) Two-Nation Theory - The two nation theory provided a basis for the demand of
Pakistan. Jinnah propounded this theory in 1940. According to Jinnah, the Hindus
& the Muslims are fundamentally two distinct nations because their religion,
culture, traditions, literature, economic system, laws of inheritance,
succession & marriage are different. To bind together two such nations in a
single state is bound to lead to discontent & destruction of the future of
the government. So he demanded Pakistan on the basis of the two nation theory.
(2) British Policy to Weaken India - The Resolution of complete independence was
passed in the Lahore session of the Congress in 1929. The British now believed
that free India would not be friendly towards them, so they planned to create
such a situation that two parts might continue fighting against each other.
(3) A smaller Unified & Strong India was Better than A Larger and Weak India
- The Congressmen were now convinced that it would be useless to try to force
the League to join the Union of India. In their opinion a smaller, unified &
strong India would be better than a larger & weak India.
(4) To Avert a Civil War - The English had followed the policy of 'Divide and
Rule' to maintain their Empire & to protect their interests. They openly
abetted the Muslim communalism & offered them high offices & tried to
give them licenses for keeping fire-arms. They planned a partition of the land
& fanned the flames of a Civil War. Thus, compelled by circumstances, the
Congress party in her eagerness to avert a civil war agreed to the partition of
India.
(5) Failure of Interim Government - Under the Cabinet Mission plan, Lord Wavell
had requested Pt. Nehru to form an Interim Government. The League initially
boycotted it. Thereafter violence broke out in Calcutta, Noakhali & Tripura
& a state of fear & insecurity spread throughout the country.
Subsequently, the League agreed to join it, not with the intention to support it
but to wreck it. The Muslim League leaders spurned the principle of collective
responsibility & started putting hurdles in the day-to-day work of the
government. Thus the congress was forced to accept partition as the only
alternative.
(6) Communal Riots - The failure of Interim Government led to the worsening of
the communal situation & the riots broke out in other parts of the country
like Bihar, U.P., Lahore etc. The armed forces were still under the British
command. It was felt too difficult to maintain peace & order in the country
and more.
(7) Efforts of Lord Mountbatten - The riots were rampant & chaos prevailed
all over the country. All efforts by the government to ensure peace had failed.
Lord Mountbatten concluded that under such circumstances partition was the only
solution. After protracted consultation with both the League & the Congress,
he declared what is known as the 'Mountbatten Plan". According to this
plan, India was divided into two parts in 1947.
OR
Explain the main differences between the
"Extremist" and 'Moderate' nationalist leaders in India in the early
years of the 20th century. Examine the impact of the 'Extremists' on the
nationalist movement. (Marks 6)
Ans. There were several differences between the Moderates & the
Extremists regarding their aims & methods to achieve them:-
(1) The moderates wanted to achieve self-government within the British empire
& not absolute independence. They demanded certain reforms & concessions
from the British. On the other hand, Extremists aimed at Swaraj or total freedom
which was the remedy of all the ills.
(2) The Moderates were loyal to the British rule & the English crown. They
considered the British rule as a boon for India. The Extremists were not loyal
to the British rule & wanted to uproot it from India.
(3) The moderates believed in adopting constitutional & peaceful methods to
achieve their objectives. They held meetings, took out processions, delivered
speeches & passed resolutions & submitted appeals & petitions to the
govt. to accept their demands. They had full faith in the British sense of
justice & fair play. The Extremists had no faith in the British sense of
justice & fairplay. They believed in breaking the hold of British
imperialism by revolutions, by making people self-reliant & by bringing
national awakening.
(4) The Extremists believed in non-cooperation & adopted the programmed of
boycott against foreign goods, propagation of Swadeshi & a system of
national education etc., The Moderates had no faith in such principles & had
full faith in the policy of co-operation.
(5) The Extremists believed in the supremacy of the Indian culture &
civilization, religion & traditions & wanted to reconstruct the Indian
society on these models. The moderates, however, were in favour of the British
institutions, ideals & literature.
(6) The moderates believed that the people of India were not fit for
self-government. But Extremists believed that the people of India were fit to
rule themselves & self-government could not be denied to them because they
were unfit to rule.
(7) Under the Moderates the national movement was not a popular movement. It had
no touch with the masses. But the movement under the Extremists derived
strength& power from the masses.
The Extremists tried to cripple the administration by the weapons of
non-cooperation & boycott. They propagated the use of swadeshi which helped
in the survival of Indian handicrafts and industries. The Boycott & Swadeshi
movements gave impetus to the nationalistic sentiments & united the whole
nation in a bid to cast away the yoke of the foreign rule.
By their speeches & writings the Extremists filled the Indian people with
fearlessness & infused in them such courage that they stood up as a rock to
challenge the British imperialism. Though the Extremists had never preached a
bloody revolution, yet their ideals & activities were sufficient to make the
public opinion more violent & aggressive & produce a class of such
revolutionaries who were ready to sacrifice their lives & property, blood
& bones, body & soul for their motherland. In this way, the Extremists
played a very important part in the freedom movement of India.
Q 10) On the outline map of
India provided to you, locate & name the following
(a) The place from where Gandhiji started his march to begin the Civil
Disobedience Movement.
(b) The place where he launched his "Satyagrah" against the indigo
planters, and
(c) The place (session) where the Indian National Congress passed its resolution
on Fundamental Rights & Economic Programme.
Ans.10
OR
On the outline map of Europe provided to you, locate name.
(a) Two places which were occupied by Germany immediately before the second
world war, and
(b) One country of Europe which fought on the side of Germany during the second
world war.
Ans10)
Note: The following question is for Blind Candidates only in lieu of Q10.
Q10) Explain any three main
objectives of the United Nations
Ans10) Three main objectives of the United Nations:-
(a) To maintain international peace & security - This was essential in order
to avoid a third world war. Therefore, it aims to solve all the international
disputes amicably.
(b) To develop friendly relations among nations - this was a corollary of the
first objective. It was essential to maintain international peace &
security.
(c) To achieve international cooperation in solving international economic,
social, cultural & humanitarian problems.
OR
List any three methods of agitations used during the
Non-cooperation Movement. (Marks 3)
Ans. Non-cooperation movement involved the following methods of agitation.
(a) People boycotted all government functions, thousands of Indians left the
government jobs. The lawyers gave up their legal practice. Students left their
schools and colleges. Teachers also resigned in large numbers. People boycotted
the elections to the assembly and the Provincial council. They resigned from the
nominated seats in local bodies.
(b) The people began to use Swadeshi & boycotted foreign goods which were
burnt at the crossroads. Khadi became the symbol of freedom. The Takla &
Charkha appeared in every house.
(c) Women gave up purdah to join the struggle and offered their jewellery for
Tilak Fund and gladly went to jail. Many labourers also joined the movement and
observed strikes. The people of rural areas refused to pay taxes. People also
refused to obey government orders.
SECTION B - CIVICS
Q11) Mention any two main
ideals before the Indian nation? (Marks 2)
Ans11) The constitution of India shows that the task before India is not
only to stay together as an independent nation but also to set up a society
which was secular, democratic and socialist. The ideas of freedom and equality
thus came up as the most important ones.
A democratic government ensures freedom for all citizens. The Indian
constitution gives a list of freedoms in the Fundamental Rights. People, within
the prescribed limits, can do what they want. However freedom without equality
is meaningless. Two people can be free together only if they are equal and if
both of them have the right to freedom. Equality includes political equality,
social equality and economic equality. The goal, therefore, is striving for a
society which ensures equal opportunity for all.
Q12) What is meant by
"regionalism" in the Indian Context ? (Marks 2)
Ans12) The phenomenon of regionalism starts with the identification of
parts of territory as separate regions. A particular territory is set apart as a
region over a period of time, when different variables operate in different
degrees such as geography, topography, religion, language, usages and customs,
socio-economic and political stages of development, common historical traditions
and experiences, a common way of living and a widely prevalent sentiment of
togetherness.
Sometimes, more economic development takes place in few select areas leading to
inequality in regional development. A feeling of grievance may arise in the
people due to the fact that their region has been discriminated and as a result
the people there are socially and economically backward. In India, this has led
to the demand for more autonomy and separate statehood. "Regionalism",
however in its extreme form, is not healthy. It means feelings of hatred against
others, simply because they do not belong to that region.
Q13) Explain
the role which opposition parties play in a democracy. (Marks 3)
Ans13) The presence of opposition is the most distinctive characteristic
of parliamentary democracy. If the government represents the legitimised
consent, then the opposition represents the legitimised dissent.
(1) A good opposition can and should expose the mistakes, the shortcomings, the
failures the deviations, the betrayals and the lack of honesty and integrity of
the government.
(2) The opposition party also works outside the Legislature. It organises
demonstrations, calls for meetings and through the media highlights the failure
of the Government.
(3) Public opinion is generated about the Government policies. Government often
abandons unpopular policies because of public pressure aroused by the
opposition.
Q14) Mention
any three steps taken by the Government for removing inequalities between men
& women in India. (Marks 3)
Ans14) India is a patriachal society. To bring women at par with men, the
government as taken many steps, some of which are enumerated below :
(a) The Indian constitution mentions the right of equality. It states that there
shall be no discrimination between individuals on the basis of caste, sex or
place of birth.
(b) The Government ensures that equal wages are provided to both men & women
for the same kind of work.
(c) The Panchayati Raj Act provides that at least 30% of the seats in local
bodies be reserved for women.
Q15) Explain
with examples, the main features of India's foreign policy. (Marks 4)
Ans15) India's foreign policy, acquired its specific orientation in the
phase of global interdependence of states and system that emerged in the
post-second world war period. The main features of India's foreign policy can be
listed as follows :
(a) Non-Alignment - The division of the world into two power blocks led to the
beginning of the cold war. India, however, decided to stay away from this block
politics and pursue an independent foreign policy. It was all the more essential
given the fact that India needed aid from both the blocs for her speedy economic
development.
(b) Peaceful Co-existence - Peaceful co-existence of nations of diverse
ideologies and interests is an important principles of our foreign policy. In
keeping with this principle, India signed the Panchsheel agreement with China
with included mutual respect for each other's territorial integrity and
sovereignty, mutual non-aggression, mutual non-interference in each other's
internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit and peaceful co-existence. These
are principles of behaviour of sovereign states in their foreign relations.
These are normal expectations from civilized nations in their behaviour with
each other.
(c) Anti-imperialism - Having been a victim of British imperialism for a long
time, India decided to oppose all forms of colonialism and imperialism.
Therefore, it decided to extend full support to the cause of freedom of
dependent peoples of Asia and Africa. For eg. She extended full support to the
freedom struggles in Indo-China, Malaya, Libya, Algeria, Tunisia, and Ghana. In
its new incarnation, colonialism seeks to dominate independent developing
countries through various instruments of exploitation. India is therefore
campaining for a more equitable economic order.
(d) Opposition to Racial Discrimination - India firmly believes in equality of
all human beings and is therefore opposed to all forms of racial discrimination.
India gave full support to the victims of racial discriminations in South
Africa. It was only after the majority government was set up in that country
that India established diplomatic relations with her.
(e) Support to the United Nations - India is one of the founder members of the
United Nations, and many of its speicialised agencies. Most of her goals
coincide with the objectives of the UN. Therefore, she tries to achieve her
goals by strengthening the UN. Her belief in international peace and security
and opposition to destructive areas has found a stronger forums in the UN.
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