CBSE Set Qa2 Social Science Sample Test Papers For Class 10th for students online

Q9) Assess the role of Mahatama Gandhi in Indian National Movement, with special reference to the methods adopted by him.
Ans. 9) M.K. Gandhi is not only a name but an idea, an image & a harbinger of hope. Never before, in the history of national struggle, a national leader had acquired a status of magnitude. He dominated the scene of Indian politics from 1919 to 1947- the period rightly called as "The Gandhian Era".
Gandhi made the powerful & strong British Government yield by the use of his peaceful weapon of non-violence. The methods he employed included the peaceful movements of Non-Cooperation, Satyagrah, Boycott, Swadeshi, Civil Disobedience etc.
Gandhi laboured hard to keep the Hindus & Muslims united so that the British policy of Divide & Rule does not succeed. The khilafat Movement clubbed with the Non-cooperation movement is a good example of this. He Did a lot for the uplift of the Harijans & laboured hard to get them a respectable position in the society.
Gandhi made the congress movement a mass movement. Before him, the nationalist movement was restricted to the upper & the middle classes, But it goes to the credit of Mahatama Gandhi that under his leadership even the common peasants & workers began to take an active part in the national movement. The common man had started realising the importance of his powers. They realized the strength of their unity & cooperation & learnt the lessons of self sacrifice & self reliance.
Besides this Gandhiji, through the advocacy of use of Swadeshi goods & boycott of foreign goods, promoted the cause of cottage & village industries like khadi. This will also make the people self-reliant & harm the financial interest of the British.
A surface reading of his life would present Gandhi as a valiant fighter. But if only one could dive deep between the lines there emerges an individual whose every deed was constructive & positive. Gandhi remains par - excellence as far as the universality & a mass appeal is concerned. Gandhi has acquired such a lofty position-he may either be adored or brutally criticised but be can never be ignored & in this lies the charisma of the man in Loins cloth.

OR

What was the significance of the Lahore Session of Indian National Congress of 1929? What were its immediate effects? (Marks 6)
Ans. The forty-fourth session of the Congress was held at Lahore in December 1929 under the presidentship of Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru. This session gave voice to the new, militant spirit. It passed a resolution declaring Poorna Swaraj to be the Congress objective. On 31 December 1929 was hoisted the newly adopted tri-colour flag of freedom 26 January 1930 was fixed as the first Independence Day, which was to be so celebrated every year with the people taking the pledge that it was "a crime against man & God to submit any longer" to the British rule. The Congress session also announced the launching of a civil disobedience movement. But it did not draw up a programme of struggle. That was left to Mahatma Gandhi, the Congress organisation being placed at his disposal. Once again the country was filled with hope & exhilaration & the determination to be free. Thus the message of Swaraj was taken to the very hearts of the masses.
Things happened as planned & on 12 March 1930, Gandhi started the Civil Disobedience movement with his famour Dandi March. The movement spread to Karnataka, Maharashtra & Central provinces where lakhs of people joined hartals, demonstrations, the campaign to boycott foreign goods & to refuse to pay taxes & offered satyagrah. Subsequently the First Round Table Conference failed & the second led to the signing of the Gandhi Irwin Pact.

Q10) On the given outline map of Africa locate & name three countries which became independent between 1960-1965.
Ans10)

OR
On the given outline map of India locate & name the places & the respective years of the following Congress sessions-
(a) The first inaugural session of the Congress.
(b) The session where the moderates & Extremists split over application of swadeshi & Boycott.
(c) The session where Hindus-Muslims, moderates & Extremists, united & presented a joint pact (Marks 3)
Ans.

Note:- The following question is for Blind Candidates only in lien of Q10

Q 10) Mention 3 main features of Non-Cooperation movement.
Ans10) The Non-Cooperation Movement proceeded in stages, beginning with the renunciation of titles to be followed by the boycott of the legislatures, law courts, education at institutions & the campaign of non payment of taxes.
The national movement became a mass movement for the first time. It did not remain confined to the urban class only. It also spread among the middle class, peasants & workers.
It brought the Hindus & the Muslims on the same platform. The national movement was changed into a revolutionary movement. The women also gave up their purdah to join the movement & gladly went to jail.

OR

Why did the imperial nations colonize the countries of Asia & Africa? Give any 3 reasons
(Marks 3)
Ans. The Industrial Revolution led to the establishment of large scale industries which began to manufacture goods in large quantities. The goods thus produced were so abundant that they needed markets in other countries. Almost all the countries of Europe had developed their own industries, so they could not sell their goods in any other European country. Besides, each of them had introduced a system of 'protective tariff' to protect their own industries. All These circumstances forced them to explore more markets in other lands.
(i) Such countries as could become markets for their surplus goods were to be the countries of Asia & Africa where Industrial Revolution had not yet taken place.
(2) Political occupation of these countries could also ensure them regular exploitation of the natural resources of the Asian & African countries for the supply of raw materials to their industries.
(3) Several European capitalists were anxious to invest their surplus capital in the Asian countries so that they could have not only cheap & abundant supply of raw materials but also cheap labour. But at the same time, these European capitalists desired protection for their investment which could only be possible if they exercised political control over the territories of their trade.

Section B - CIVICS

Q11) What is meant by National Integration? (Marks 2)
Ans11) National Integration is a condition of unity in diversity in which the components & the whole are equally valid & mutually interdependent. National Integration means cohesion but not fusion, unity but not uniformity, reconciliation but not merger, accommodation but not elimination, assimilation but not extinction, synthesis but not non existence, solidarity but not regimentation, of the many segments of the people in a territorial sovereignty.

Q12) Give two reasons for the existing economic inequality in India. (Marks 2)
Ans12) Economic inequality in India exists due to the following reasons:-
(a) Illiteracy & Unemployment - Illiteracy is a curse for it keeps the people ignorant & idle People fail to get employment because of this & earn an adequate living for themselves.
(b) Black money - The evil of black money is another factor that makes the rich still richer while the poor remain steeped in poverty. Inspite of the governmental measures for equal distribution of property like the progressive taxation system, the evil of black money defies all norms & defeats the main purpose of such policies.

Q13) Why is it necessary to have well-informed & socially responsible citizens to make democracy meaningful? (Marks 3)
Ans13) Democracy is the Government of the people, by the people & for the people. Unless & until the people i.e. the citizens are aware of their rights & duties towards the family, society & the nation, they can not perform their duties meaningfully & in the interest of one & all. A good citizen strengthens a democratic state by having a clear view of his own & other's rights, demanding what he can claim from the Government, knowing what Government can claim from them, & creating a strong social opinion against social evils.

Q14) Describe three major challenges that Indian democracy faces. (Marks 3)
Ans14) The greatest danger to a democratic society comes from the tendency to place one's community above others. There may be communities based on religion, caste, language or region. The challenges faced by the Indian democracy includes.
(i) Communalism - It means placing one's own religious community above other, even above the nation. It is a legacy of the Divide & Rule policy of the British. Communalism is the enemy of progress, social change, democracy,& human fraternity. It generates not only a false consciousness but seeks to counter pose on false premises one citizen against another & thereby weaken the structure of national fraternity.
(2) Casteism - Casteism is the exploitation of caste consciousness for narrow political gains. As a result, democratic facilities are misused for maintaining castist identity. The worst aspect of casteism is expressed at two levels. One, when the upper castes try to deny to the backward castes, the avenues of progress & the right of equality. Second, when the landed jatis, in order to maintain their traditional hold on land, wealth & power, try to deny to other backward jatis & shudras their rights & opportunities given to them by the Constitution, the laws & by the community welfare schemes.
(3) Regionalism - Regionalism & sub-regionalism are unavoidable in a country as vast & expansive as India. The feeling of regionalism may grow as a result of differential economic development of the nation. Popular feelings against regional inequality have led to movements for regional autonomy or for a new state. Such divisive tendencies are unhealthy for India.

Q15) "India has been playing a significant role in promoting world peace through United Nations." Explain. (Marks 4)
Ans15) India, which is a primary member of the UN, even when it was not independent, had always taken keen interest in all the activities of the UN, hence its role in this unique activity is inevitable.
The objectives of UN peace-keeping are common with the foreign policy goals enshrined in India. Besides, they cherish the long tradition & contemporary outlook of India towards international relations.
Significant role played by India in the UN peace keeping operations is evident from its following activities:
(1) India, despite its limitations in terms of military & financial fields, took part in maximum number of UN peace-keeping operations. Its conviction towards these activities can be gauged from the fact that even while it was engaged in War with its neighbours (1962 & 1965), it supplied troops for such UN activities.
(2) India also provided leadership to some important missions, such as Sinai (1956-57), Yemen (1963), Cyprus(1964), Namibia(1989), etc. where it provided force commander. Besides, its officers served as members of supervisory commissions, military adviser to Secretary General & observers in number of UN activities.
(3) The peace-keeping activities is costing India very heavily. Approximately, India is spending US $ 16 million per year on such activities. But despite its poor economic conditions, India has cleared all its dues to the UN pool in contrast to the major powers who have yet to pay huge share of their contribution towards this end.
(4) India, keeping its long tradition & commitment to global peace & tranquility, took an important decision in 1995 to commit a Brigade group to the UN Standby Force arrangement so that peace operations could not be delayed due to lack of forces at UN command.

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