CBSE Set Qa1 Social Science Sample Test Papers For Class 10th for students online

Social Science Class - X  (CBSE)
You are on the answer 1 to 7 of Set I

SECTION - A - HISTORY

Q 1. Mention two important events of 1917 which turned the course of the First World War. (2)
Ans.1 Two important events of 1917 which turned the course of the First World War were:-

(a) America's declaration of war against Germany on 6th April, 1917 making the war truely global war tilted in favour of Britain.

(b) Withdrawal of Russia from the war after the October Revolution. A peace treaty was signed between Germany and Russia. Germany imposed harsh terms and Russia accepted them. The Entante powers started an armed intervention in Russia which ended in the former's defeat.

Q 2. Describe two reforms introduced by the Russian Czar, Nicholas II after the 1905 revolution. (2)
Ans. 2 Reform introduced by Nicholas II after the 1905 revolution included:-

(1) The Czar announced his manifesto granting freedom of speech, press and association and conferred power to make laws upon an elected body called the 'Duma'.

(2) The Czar's manifesto contained principles which would have made Russia a constitutional monarchy.

Q 3. Name any two organizations set up for African Liberation Movement. (2)
Ans. 3 The African liberation movement began in the right earnest after the second World War. Within no time various organizations were set-up in different African countries for achieving their independence. Two such organizations were:-
(1) SWAPO in Namibia
(2) African National Congress in South Africa under Nelson Mandela's leadership.

Q 4. Why did the indian leaders oppose Rowlatt Act in 1919. (2)
Ans.4 Indian leaders opposed Rowlatt Act because it had empowered the Government to imprison people without trial. This act of repression did not allow any 'Vakil, dalil or appeal'.

Q 5. What is meant by Opium War? Describe the effects of Opium War on China. (4)
Ans.5 In 1839, a Chinese government official seized an Opium Cargo and destroyed it which the British merchants were trying to smuggle into China. Britain, thus declared a war against China. This was known as Opium War and it ended in Chinese defeat.

The Chinese were forced to pay heavy damages to the British and to open five port cities to British traders. The Chinese government also agreed that in future British subjects in these ports would be tried for any crimes in English rather than in Chinese Courts. This provision came to be known as extra-territorial rights. The Chinese government was no longer free to impose tariff on foreign goods. The island of Hong Kong was turned over to Britain.

Within no time other powers like France, Germany, Japan, America began to exploit the situation and thus began the scramble for China by the imperialist powers.

OR

Q 5. Define Imperialism. State any three economic effects of imperialism. (4)
Ans.5 The term 'imperialism' means the practice of extending the power, control or rule by a country over the political and economic life of areas outside its own borders. It includes political occupation along with social domination and economic exploi tation of the native people by the imperialist power. Under it the resources of the occupied lands are fully exploited for the benefit of the people of the advanced countries.

Effects of Imperialism
(1) ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION of the subjugated people causing misery and economic backwardness. Drain of wealth took place to the imperialist countries.

(2) They bought raw goods from these countries at cheaper rates and flooded their markets with their own manufactured goods. In this way, they destroyed the indigenous industries.

(3) To achieve their selfish motive of "more profit" they would employ any unscruplous methods or unethical means like treachery, violence, killing etc. In this way they drained their wealth to their own countries. Moreover the practice of importing more than they were allowed to export turned the conquered countries into paupers.

Q 6. What is referred to as 'International Economic Order'? What is its importance in the present day world. (4)
Ans.6 International Economic Order referes to international economic relations based on equality, mutual cooperation and aimed to correct global economic imbalance. Global inequality expresses itself in terms of unequal trade, inequalities in levels of development and unequal consumption of energy and possession of technology.

Importance
(1) International Economic order can remove the disparity existing between the developed and the developing countries.
(2) International Economic Order, envisages such relations with the different wolrd economies that the developing countries can also develop themselves industrially at a rapid speed.
(3) IEO can bring about a great change in the standard of living of the Third World Countries. With improvementin their economic conditions they can also enjoy economic and social rights as contained in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

OR

Q 6. What is meant by 'Apartheid'? What were its effects on the people of South Africa? (4)
Ans. Aparthied is a policy of racial discrimination. It was the worst form of racism under a most oppressive political regime of the white settlers.
1. The non-whites, over 80% of the population, had no political rights including the right to vote strikes were also banned.

2. The black natives and other coloured people including Indians were segregated and not allowed to mix with the white population. There were separate schools, theatres, shopping centres, coaches and residential areas where blacks and other than whites were no allowed. Inter-racial marriage was a criminal offence.

3. The blacks worked hard but still were economically very backward and poor.

Q 7. Why was social reform necessary in 19th century India? Examine the evils that crept in the society and religion of that period. (4)
Ans.7 The social evils and superstitions that had crept in the society in the 19th century made social reforms imperative for the development of the society and the masses. The newly educated persons increasingly revolted against rigid social conventions and out dated customs. They could no longer tolerate irrational and dehumanising social practices. Moreover, the backward features of Indian society, such as the caste system or inequality of the sexes, had religious sanctions in the past. Therefore, it was necessary to reform religion as well.

The condition of women was pathetic. The various religion practiced in India as well as the personal laws based on them consigned women to a status inferior to that of men. Polygamy, purdah system, sati, ban on widow remarriage, no education for female child, female infanticide, child marriages were some of the evils that gripped the society. It thus became necessary to take the women out of this degraded position
and hlep her to realise her true potential.

Barring this, the caste system, which had its roots in religion, was another curse in society. Caste determined man's marriage, social circle and profession. The untouchables suffered from numerous disabilities and restrictions. His dress, food, place of residence, all were carefully regulated. The very fact that his touch was
considered as impure speaks volumes about the degraded position he was reduced to. Not only was it humiliating and inhuman and based on anti-democratic principle of inequality by birth, it was a cause of social disintegration. Thus, it had to be fought against.

Hindu religion itself had to be reformed as it was a basic part of people's life. Idol worship, superstitions, Brahmanical superiority, retuals, all had to be fought against, for all the social practices found sanction in religion.

OR

Q 7. How did the racial arrogance of the British lead to the growth of national conciousness in the later hall of the 19th century? Explain with examples. (4)
Ans. 7 The British in India had always held aloof from the Indian believing that social distance from Indians had to be maintained to preserve their authority over them. They felt themselves to be racially superior. The Revolt of 1857 and the attrocities committed by both sides had further widened the gulf between the Indians and the British who now began to openly assert the doctrine of racial supremacy and practise racial arrogance. Railway compartments, waiting rooms at railway stations, parks, hotels, swimming pools, clubs etc. reserved for 'Europeans only' were visible manifestations of this racialism.

The Indians felt humiliated. They could not tolerate being sidelined and insulted by the British in public and hence decided to get ride of them. The withdrawal of the Ilbert Bill which had sought to bring the Indians and the Europeans at par as far as the criminal jurisdiction of the court was concerned, convinced the Indians that they could not get justice from the English. The Vernacular Press Act of 1878 and Arms Act of 1879 further made it known to the Indians that they would continue to be discriminated in every field. Hence, they tried to win back the freedom of their country. The people were hence united and this strengthened national consciousness among them.

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