CBSE Set Qa2 Social Science Sample Test Papers For Class 10th for students online

Social Science Class - X (CBSE)
You are on answers 8 to 10 of Set I

Section `A' - History

Q 8.Trace the main changes that have taken place in Germany after the Second World War? (6)
Ans. 8 After the War, Germany was divided into four occupation zones each under Soviet Union, USA, Britain and France. Even Berlin was divided amongst the four victors. At the Potsdam conference, Germany had been visualised as a single economic zone with a common currency. Gradually, however, Germany became divided into 2 parts - the three zone under he US, Britain and France becoming one, the western part, and the Soviet occupation zone becoming another, the eastern part. The economic unity of Germany was broken with the Western part stopping the despatch of industrial machinery to the eastern part and the latter ending the supply of agricultural goods to the former. Each part now had a separate currency. Russia in the meanwhile built a huge wall to separate East Berlin from West Berlin.

In 1949, Britain, France and the US got merged their zones and thus was formed the Federal Republic of Germany with its capital at Bonn. The eastern part of Germany under Russia came to be known as the German Democratic Republic.

The Federal Republic of Germany followed the capitalist line of economy. The Private Sector continued to dominate. The factories were run by the individual concerns with least state interference. In the political field, different parties were allowed to contest elections. The two main parties were the Christian Democratic Party and the Social Democratic Republic.

The German Democratic Republic came to have the Socialist economy. The industries were taken over from Private hands and made the property of the state. Likewise land was taken from the landlords and distributed among the peasants. Only one political party known as the Socialist Unity Party of Germany was allowed to exist.

Thus Germany came to be divided into two parts. But after a lapse of about four decades, both East Germany and West Germany once again got merged into one state on October 3, 1990. The United Germany is now a powerful state in the present world.

OR

Q 8.Trace the many changes of historical importance that have taken place in the Soviet Union in recent years? (6)
Ans. 8 Since 1917, the political system in the Soviet Union was based on the Principles of Communism. Under Lenin and Stalin Communism continued to be enforced with full enthusiasm, but after them the policies of terror and repression was done away with under Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Kosygin and finally under Mikhail Gorbachev who was elected the leader of the communist Party in 1985 and later on the President of the Soviet Union.

Gorbachev was a communist, but he wanted a liberal, free and democratic communist system. A number of reforms took place - the major ones being `glasnost' and `perestroika' . Under glasnost, the curbs on the freedom of thought and expression were lifted. All sides of the lie of society were open to scrutiny and criticism from all directions. This applied equally to party leadership, the media, cultural figures, and the man in the street.

Under `perestroika', economic reforms were carried out to end the stagnation that had set in and every attempt was made to improve the conditions of the people.

The hold of Communist party was lessened and other political parties were also allowed to function party decided to put an end to the "bureaucratic command - style" methods of administration. The party conference resolved to increase people's participation in decision - making through free and democratic election based on multi-candidate system. Later multi-party system was also allowed to function.

Freedom that the people of former Soviet Union acquired as a result of glasnost led to liberalisation in economy and free expression of dissent within the party and various organisations of government. Some of the Union Republics chose to be governed by leaders who refused to abide by the wishes of the central leadership. Boris Yelstin who was elected President of Russia was one such leader. Amongst turmoil, confusion and criticism, Gorbachev resigned on 25th December, 1991 and Soviet Union collapsed like a pack of cards and was divided into 15 independent republics.

Communism vanished from all these countries. Subsequently Russia demanded and got international recognition as principal successor of the former Soviet Union. Russia was granted a permanent seat in the Security Council, with power of veto earlier enjoyed by the Soviet Union.

Q 9.Evaluate the influence of socialist ideas on the Indian National Movement ? (6)
Ans. 9 The year 1927 witnessed many portents of national recovery and the emergence of the new trend of socialism. Politically, this force and energy found reflection in the rise of a new left wing in the congress under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhash Chandra Bose. The left wing did not confine its attention to the struggle against imperialism but simultaneously raised the question of internal class oppression by the capitalists and landlords.

(1) All India Trade Union Congress was formed in 1920. Many strikes were organised under it including those in Kharagpur; Ata Iron and Steel Works, Jamshedpur, Bombay Textile Mills, etc. Over five lakhs workers took part in strikes in 1928 alone.

(2) The peasants were also stirring. In UP there was an agitation for the revision of tenancy laws; in Gujarat protests were against increasing land revenue; the famous Bardoli Satyagraha and No Tax Campaign were organised during this time.

(3) In 1925, the Communist Party of India came in to existence. The national leaders began to lay stress on the economic demands of the workers.

(4) Indian youth were becoming active. The first All - Bengal Conference of Students was held in August 1928. The young nationalists turned to socialism to advocate radical solutions for the political, economic and social ills from which the country was suffering.

(5) The growing activity of the revolutionary movement was beginning to take a socialist turn. The Hindustan Republican Association was founded in 1924 to organise an armed rebellion Kakori Conspiracy case took place in 1925. Under the leadership of Chandra Shekhar Azad, its name was changed to Hindustan Socialist Republican Association in 1928.

(6) Anti-Simon Commission demonstration; assassination of Saunders by Bhagat Singh, Azad and Rajguru; throwing of bomb in the Central Legislative Assembly and Chittagong armoury case took place in the period between 1928-30.

(7) In the Karachi Session (1931), the congress adopted the economic resolution based on socialist ideas such as nationalisation of certain industries and schemes for the welfare of the peasants and the workers. Resolution on fundamental rights was also passed in this session.

(8) Congress Socialist Party was formed in 1934 under he leadership of Acharya Narendra Dev and Jai Prakash Narayan. By 1939, within the Congress the left was able to command influence over 1/3rd votes on important issues.

(9) The 1930s also witnessed the foundation of the All India Students Federation, All India Progressive Writers
Association and All India Kisan Sabha.

Thus, the development of Socialist ideas made the national movement more broad based.

OR

Q 9. Assess the importance of the Civil Disobedience Movement in the Indian freedom struggle? (6)
Ans. 9 The Civil Disobedience Movement of 1930-32, marked a critically important stage in the progress of the anti- imperialist struggle. The number of people who went to jail was estimated at over 90,000 more than three times the figure of the non-co-operation movement of 1920-22. The non-cooperation moment was essentially an urban movement, on the other hand, the Civil Disobedience Movement saw the participation of peasantry and rural population also.

The participation of Muslims in the Civil Disobedience Movement was certainly nowhere near that in 1920-22. The appeals of communal leaders to stay away, combined with active government encouragement of communal dissension to counter the forces of nationalism, hadtheir effect still, the participation of Muslims was not insignificant, either Khudai Khidmadgars in NWFP, middle class Muslims in Bengal, weaving community in Bihar, Delhi and Lucknow played an important role in the movement.

The support that the movement had garnered from the poor and the illiterate, both in the towns and the villages, was remarkable. Their participation was reflected even in the government statistics of jail - goes, and jail - going was only one of the many forms of participation.

For Indian women, the movement was the most liberating experience to date and can truly be said to have marked their entry into the public space.

Imports of cloth from Britain had fallen by half, other imports like cigarettes had suffered a similar fate. Government income from liquor excise and land revenue had been affected. Elections to the Legislative Assembly had been effectively boycotted. Moreover a vast variety of social groups - like merchants, shopkeepers, students, peasants, tribal's and workers- had been politicised on the side of Indian nationalism.

The Civil Disobedience Movement had remained non-violent until it was abandoned and thus fulfilled the basic
condition of mass satyagraha as laid down by Gandhi. The success or failure of the movement can, therefore,
be roughly regarded as that of the Gandhian technique of mass satyagraha.

Q 10.On the given outline map of India, mark the following : (3)
(i) The place where Prathana Samaj was founded ?
Ans. Mumbai

(ii) The headquarters of the Theosophical Society?
Ans. Adyar (Chennai)

(iii)The place where the Mohammedan Anglo-Orienal College was established?
Ans. Aligarh

OR

Q10.On the outline map of the world, mark any these countries that were responsible for starting the Non-Aligned Movement? (3)
Ans.10

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