CBSE Set Qa4 Social Science Sample Test Papers For Class 10th for students online

Q20) Mention the location of India with reference to the Equator & the Prime Meridian. How is India's geographical location favourable for international trade? Give two points (Marks 1+2=3)
Ans20) India is situated in the north of the equator between 8^o4' north & 37^o6' north latitudes & to the east of the prime meridian between 68^o7' east & 97^o25' east longitudes.
Its location has an economic advantage too. Towards its west lies the countries of west Asia & Africa. The opening of Suez Canal has reduced its distance from Europe by about 7000 km. In its south-east lie many countries with which we have trade through sea routes.

Q21) Explain 'natural ecosystem'. Why is any attempt to tamper with ecosystem frought with grave Risks? Mention two reasons. (Marks 1+2=3)
Ans21) All the plants & animals in a given area are so closely inter-linked & interdependent that they can not be thought of exclusively with out the other. Thus there exists a relationship between living & non-living elements of the earth. So every kind of life together with the physical environment in a given area forms. an ecosystem.
Plant & animal life is very essential for the survival of human beings, so it becomes absolutely necessary to maintain the eco-system & save them. Otherwise man will have to pay heavily for his foolishness. Many species of flora & fauna will vanish & as such not only he but his coming generations will be deprived of much charm, beauty & variety. It will also disrupt the food chain & thus human life. Secondly, with the reduction in the number of green plants, the pollution will rise to enormous limits thus leading to global warming.

Q22) What is a 'follow land'? Mention two advantages of it to farmers. (Marks 1+2=3)
Ans22) Land which is cultivated once in two or three years is called a follow land. It is left alone for some time to recoup its strength.
Advantages that is brings to farmers is:-
(a) When sown they add to the agricultural production of the farmers. They serve as boon for them. They enhance their income.
(b) Moreover, the farmers do not have to spend much to prepare these lands.

Q23) What type of climate would India have had, if the Arabian sea, the Bay of Bengal & the Himalayas had not been there? Explain it with reference to temperature & precipitation. (Marks 2+2=4)
Ans23) India is divided in almost two equal parts of by Tropic of Cancer, that runs east west just half way through the country. The presence of Himalayas in the north, Indian ocean in south, Bay of Bengal towards the east & Arabian sea to the west has given India a tropical climate. Water on three sides gives the required moisture to the landmass. It is the cause of the rainfall that we get through the mechanism of the monsoons. Had the water not been there, India would have turned into a hot desert.
The Himalayas provide an invincible shield to protect the Indian subcontinent from the north cold & chilly winds. We have relatively high temperatures almost throughout the year & dry winters barring the northern hilly areas. In the absence of Himalayas, India would have become a cold country.

Q24) Name the crop season in which rice (Paddy) is grown in India. Mention about climate, soil & two areas where rice is chiefly grown. (Marks 4)
Ans24) Rice is grown in the Kharif season in India in autumn. Rice plant thrives well in hot and humid climate. It requires a rainfall of 100cm and above and the normal temperature of more than 25^oC. Loamy fertile soil is most suitable for the rice crop and the land should be leveled. Alluvial soils of river valleys and deltas are ideal for the cultivation of rice.
Rice is grown in the deltas of Krishna, Kaveri, Godavari and Mahanadi. where there is a dense network of canal irrigation. Besides, the coastal strip of west, foot-hills and Tarai regions along the Himalayas and West Bengal, Bihar, Eastern UP also produce rice in abundant quantity.
It is sown with the onset of the south-west monsoon in India which coincides with the months of June and July is harvested. 

Q25) Explain four points regarding modernisation in Indian Railways. (Marks 4)
Ans25) Indian Railways network is the fourth largest in the world. The following points explain the growth and development of railways in India.
(1) Intensive utilization of track, wagons and coaches - The total route length of railways in India was nearly 61,000 km. They employ about 1.8 million workers. Railways are responsible for carrying 4/5th of entire goods traffic in the country. The volume of railway traffic is 218 million tonnes. It carries over 9 million passengers every day.
(2) Electrification - There has been constant efforts to electrify railway routes, and pave the way for replacing diesel engines and locomotives run by coal. More than 7 thousand kms. of track has been electrified.
(3) Facilities given to passengers - Railways have introduced 2 tier and 3 tier sleeper coaches on almost all the long distance railway services. They have now introduced 2 tier air conditioned coaches along with the 1st class coaches. Rajdhani Express, Shatabdi Express, and other such fast trains have been added to the comfort and convenience of the passengers.
(4) Besides this, container service has been introduced to provide door to door service which the trucks had been doing so far.

Q26) "Coal is an exhaustible resource. There is a great need to conserve it". Suggest and explain five measures to reduce dependence on coal (Marks 5x1=5)
Ans26) Coal, besides being a prime source of industrial energy, is also an important raw material in steel and chemical industries. It is an exhaustible mineral and we should conserve it. We can reduce the dependence on coal in the following ways:-
(1) The mining techniques should be improved so that the wastages are cut down and optimum production is got.
(2) As a fuel for industries, we should try to generate more power from renewable sources like Hydro electricity and atomic energy.
(3) Coal is extensively used as domestic fuel. This can be substituted by natural gas, biogas and to some extent solar energy etc. Smokeless chullas are also useful.
(4) Till the recent past Indian Railways were mainly using coal to run their steam engines. The electrification of Railways and use of diesel engines has cut down the consumption of coal.
(5) We should take a serious account of the coal situation and try to use it judiciously so that we may enjoy its benefits for a longer time.

Q27) Distinguish, between Gross Domestic Product and Net Domestic Product. Mention one example (Marks 3)
Ans27) Gross Domestic Product (GDP) - The aggregate of all final goods and services produced in a year without the deduction of any depreciation i.e., wear and tear of the land, buildings and machinery used in production is called Gross Domestic Product.
Net Domestic Product (NDP) - When depreciation is deducted from the Gross Domestic Product, the resultant is the Net Domestic Product.
E.g.: If GDP is 7000 Rs. and Annual depreciation is 1,500 Rs, then the NDP
= GDP - depreciation 
= 7,000 - 1,500
= 5, 500 Rs.

Q28) Mention three goals given in the preamble of the Indian Constitution. How can 'social justice' be achieved ? (Marks 3)
Ans28) Three goals given in the Preamble are:-
(1) To secure to all citizens social, economic and political justice.
(2) Liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship
(3) Equality of status and opportunity.
Social justice can be achieved by:-
(1) Providing adequate means of livelihood to all citizens.
(2) By securing the right to work, education, and public assistance in unemployment, old age and sickness.
(3) By securing just conditions of work, a living wage and decent standard of living for the people.

Q29) Explain the importance of foreign trade in the economy of India. Mention four points (Marks 4)
Ans29) Indian foreign trade has great importance because of the following facts:-
(1) Foreign trade helps us to meet any shortages of essential consumer goods by imports.
(2) Foreign trade is essential to earn foreign exchange necessary to buy certain goods from other countries.
(3) Foreign trade is a source of meeting the urgent need of certain commodities needed in emergency (flood, famine etc)
(4) The development of foreign trade leads to economic co-operation among the different countries of the world and develops friendly relations among them.

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